Drugs 2005; 65 (2): 179-214
نویسندگان
چکیده
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 1. Impact of Medical Device-Associated Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 2. Pathogenesis of Medical Device-Associated Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 2.1 Attachment of the Micro-organisms to the Surface of the Implanted Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 2.2 Cell Proliferation and Intercellular Adhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 3. Management of Medical Device-Associated Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 3.1 General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 3.2 Removal of the Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 3.3 Salvage of the Device and Treatment with Antimicrobial Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 3.3.1 Use of Lock Solutions for Intraluminal Therapy (‘Antibiotic-Lock’ Technique) . . . . . . . . . . 188 3.3.2 Recommendations for Calculated Antimicrobial Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 3.3.3 Recommendations for Aetiologically Guided Antimicrobial Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 3.3.4 Use of Alternative Substances and Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 4. Prevention Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 4.1 Nontechnological Recommendations to Reduce the Incidence of Intravascular CatheterRelated Bloodstream Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 4.1.1 Standardisation of Aseptic Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 4.1.2 Choice of Catheter Insertion Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 4.1.3 Hand Hygiene and Aseptic Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 4.1.4 Skin Antisepsis and Catheter Site Dressing Regimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 4.1.5 Catheter Material and In-Line Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 4.2 Prevention by Material Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 4.2.1 Basic Considerations for the Prevention of Device-Related Infections Through Development of New Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 4.2.2 Development of Antiadhesive Polymer Materials by Physico-Chemical Modification 200 4.2.3 Incorporation of Antimicrobial Agents in Medical Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 4.2.4 Neurological Prostheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 4.2.5 Innovative Approaches for the Prevention of Device-Related Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 5. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
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